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O3

o3

O3 is an AI reasoning model developed and released by OpenAI, positioned as the company's most advanced reasoning system to date . OpenAI introduced it in December 2024 alongside the smaller o4-mini, with both models becoming widely available in April 2025 . The company described o3 and o4-mini as likely the final standalone reasoning models before the anticipated arrival of GPT-5, which is expected to unify traditional and reasoning architectures .

In benchmark terms, o3 made notable waves by achieving an 87.5% score on the ARC-AGI challenge—a test that had sat unsolved for five years—using a high-compute configuration, and it posted state-of-the-art results on Codeforces, SWE-bench, and MMMU . Per 云启资本's review, it also reduced major errors by roughly 20% compared with o1 in difficult real-world tasks spanning programming, consulting, and creative work . A distinctive feature of o3 and o4-mini is their "image reasoning" capability: they can manipulate images directly within their chain of thought—zooming, rotating, and otherwise adjusting visuals as part of the reasoning process—and they can autonomously invoke ChatGPT tools such as web browsing, Python execution, and image generation .

On pricing and access, o3 and o4-mini undercut their predecessors at equivalent tiers, with o3-mini notably 63% cheaper than o1-mini; both models offer a 200,000-token context window in the API . 真格基金's Yusen Dai, writing in mid-2025, judged o3 to represent a "clear step up" from o1 in practical use, with o3 pro showing further gains in reasoning length and logical coherence, even if the underlying Transformer architecture remained an evolution rather than a paradigm shift .

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